The International Olympic Committee has made the decision just 65 days ahead of the Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
Despite the ban, clean athletes will be allowed to compete at the Games as neutrals under the Olympic flag.
However, with their athletes officially unable to compete under a Russian identity, state TV have made the decision not to broadcast the event.
As well as the immediate suspension of the ROC, the IOC announced a raft of sanctions against senior officials implicated in the scandal, including Russia's deputy prime minister Vitaly Mutko - who is banned for life.
They suspended ROC president Alexander Zhukov as an IOC member, given that his membership is linked to his position as ROC President.
The ROC has also been fined £11.16 million to reimburse the costs of the various investigations into Russia's cheating and help set up the IOC's new independent testing authority.
Russia hosted the 2014 Winter Olymoics inn the city of Sochi
The decision was reached after the IOC's 14-strong executive board received a recommendation from a disciplinary commission.
The decision was reached after the IOC's 14-strong executive board received a recommendation from a disciplinary commission.
The commission was set up to investigate claims Russia conducted a state-sponsored doping programme that culminated at the 2014 Winter Games in the Russian city of Sochi.
IOC commission chairman Samuel Schmid says:
"(the doping program) was under the authority of the Russian sports ministry.
The decision causes much embarrassment to Mutko and Vladimir Putin
"That is why the then sports minister has responsibility for the failure of this system."
The one olive branch offered to the ROC is that the IOC "may partially or fully lift the suspension" in time for Russia to participate in Pyeongchang's closing ceremony, "provided these decisions are fully respected and implemented".
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